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Japan does not ban vaping outright, but it enforces some of the strictest nicotine related regulations in the world, and violations can lead to serious punishment. Nicotine containing e-liquids are treated as pharmaceutical products under the PMD Act, meaning they cannot be sold, purchased, or commercially imported in Japan without drug level approval and no vape product has ever received that approval.
Non-nicotine vapes, however, are legal and widely sold as ordinary consumer goods. Public vaping follows the same rules as smoking restricted to designated areas.
Selling nicotine e-liquid is a criminal offense, and police have conducted seizures and arrests of retailers who attempted it . Possession and use of nicotine e-liquid is allowed only if personally imported, with a strict limit of up to 120 ml per person for one month's supply; exceeding this requires special medical permission rarely granted . Violating these rules can result in fines up to ¥300,000, possible imprisonment, and even deportation for foreign nationals .